Venture capital is money provided by an outside investor to finance a new, growing, or troubled business. The venture capitalist provides the funding knowing that there’s a significant risk associated with the company’s future profits and cash flow. Capital is invested in exchange for an equity stake in the business rather than given as a loan, and the investor hopes the investment will yield a better-than-average return.

Venture capital is an important source of funding for start-up and other companies that have a limited operating history and don’t have access to capital markets. A venture capital firm (VC) typically looks for new and small businesses with a perceived long-term growth potential that will result in a large payout for investors.

Venture capitalists look for businesses that have the potential to grow quickly to a significant size, yielding a significant return on the VC’s investment in a relatively short period of time. VCs are not just interested in start-ups. Your company’s current size is less important than its future aspirations and growth potential. A target company for a VC is one that may be capable of becoming a large market leader in its industry due to some new industry opportunity and competitive advantage. There’s no single determinant for a successful portfolio company, but a VC tends to focus on the following factors:

The first professional investor to a deal at the start-up stage is referred to as the Series A investor. This investment is followed by middle and later stage funding – the Series B, C, and D rounds. The final rounds include mezzanine, late stage and pre-IPO funding. A VC may specialize in provide just one of these series of funding, or may offer funding for all stages of the business life cycle.

The exit strategy is the VC’s way of cashing out on its investment in a portfolio company. A VC often hopes to sell its equity (stock, warrants, options, convertibles, etc.) in a portfolio company in three to seven years, ideally through an initial public offering (IPO) of the company. The company becomes liquid through the sale of its stock to the public and the VC sells its stock to reap its return.